Neonatal brain death guidelines: narrative review

Abstract

Brain death in neonates represents a diagnostic and ethical challenge in neonatal medicine, especially in neonatal intensive care units. Technological advances in biomedicine have made it possible to preserve the function of vital organs in patients with loss of brain functions, even in neonates. However, establishing clear criteria for brain death in this age group has been a challenge. International consensus guidelines have expanded the criteria to include neonates from 37 weeks of gestation, but challenges persist, as do special considerations for neonates in Venezuela. Recommended observation periods, complementary tests, and specific guidelines for neonates are discussed. The need for further research is emphasized to improve diagnostic accuracy and ensure appropriate management in neonates with suspected brain death.