Prevalence of congenital fetal anomalies by ultrasound.

Abstract

Introduction: Obstetric ultrasound is an indispensable tool in the routine evaluation of prenatal consultation, in the diagnosis of multiple gestations, fetal growth disorder, placental anomalies and errors in the estimation of gestational age. Objective: To describe and know the prevalence of congenital malformations diagnosed by ultrasound in the Obstetrics service of the La Trinidad Medical Teaching Center. Methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective study was carried out. The population consisted of patients who attended the Obstetrics and Gynecology service for prenatal diagnosis, who had presented an institutional ultrasound diagnosis of some fetal malformation, in the period from January 2011 to June 2021. Results: 58 pregnant patients were included, the mean gestational age was 15,9.5 ± 4.5 weeks, socioeconomic stratum II was 94.6%. Cardiac malformations were the most frequent in 25.9%, followed by those of the central nervous system and abdomen with 24.1% each. When specifying the pathologies, nuchal translucency was the most frequent (19.0%), followed by renal ectasia / pyelocalyceal dilation / hydronephrosis (12.1%). Conclusion: The most prevalent congenital malformation was cardiac. The results highlight the importance of establishing a continuous epidemiological surveillance that allows an early diagnosis and timely treatment of congenital malformations.